Monday - 15 April 2024 - We started the day with a walking tour of Cusco.

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In the Plaza Mayor de Cusco (Main Square) is the Statue of Pachacuti. Pachacuti was the ninth ruler of the Kingdom of Cusco and later the Emperor of the Inca Empire. Pachacuti began the expansion of the Inca dominion from the valley of Cusco to a big part of western South America.
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Most of the center of Cusco is built on the remains of the Inca buildings. The Spanish tore down the temples and palaces to build churches and their homes, however, the foundations are still being used by businesses and homes today.
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An old door.
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The foundation of the Sun Temple. The stone work used to create the smooth rounded buttress is perfect.

The Spanish built the Convent of Santo Domingo on the site, demolishing the temple and using its foundation for the cathedral. They also used parts of the building for other churches and residences.
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Vase in the courtyard of the Convent of Santo Domingo.
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There are four rooms of the original temple still standing within the Convent of Santo Domingo.
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Detail in one of the rooms.

The precise stonework is visible along with a niche.
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From one end, the windows align through the four rooms.
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The courtyard of the Convent of Santo Domingo is beautiful with large paintings lining the entire square.
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The Convent of Santo Domingo dome rising over the buildings.
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Remains of the painting that once covered the walls hundreds of years ago.
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Beautiful door in the Convent of Santo Domingo.
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Back near the Plaza Mayor de Cusco.

There were 16 churches built by the Spanish in Cusco - here you can see Church of the Society of Jesus, Minor Basilica of Mercy, Church and Convent of Santa Clara, and way in the back St. Peter's Church.
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Tile work on the side of Church of the Society of Jesus.
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Construction began in 1576 on the Church of the Society of Jesus. It was badly damaged in an earthquake in 1650. The rebuilt church was completed in 1673.

The church is entirely made of stone, the material is pink basalt and andesite - both volcanic rock.
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Door to the Cusco Cathedral.

The Gothic-Renaissance style of the cathedral reflects that of Spain during the Spanish conquest of South America.
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Detail on the facade of the Cusco Cathedral.
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The top of the Church of Triumph - The Church of Triumph was built in 1538, just three years after the conquistadors settled in Cusco. It was built over Suntur Wasi, which was an Inca ceremonial building.

The name of the Church of Triumph derives from the history of the Spanish settlers in Cusco. At one point, between 1533, and 1536, the Spanish were cornered by a besieging army of Incas, led by Manko Inka. The final stand for the Spanish was in the Suntur Wasi, before its demolition, and just as it seemed that they were on the verge of defeat, the Spanish miraculously managed to drive back the Incas.
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We then drove to the Tipon Archaeological Site Tipon is known as the Temple of the Water, since its impressive agricultural terraces, sacred fountains, and aqueducts are still in use.
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Terraces with floating steps to move from one to the other.
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A staircase with water features cascading alongside the stairs.
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Interesting patterns in the terraces.
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Structures overlooking the terraces and water - temple? They are not sure what the function of the building was, but it is in at important point overlooking the main staircase and water features.
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Canals fed each of the terraces - some had canals on both sides.
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The terrance walls were 6-8 feet high so the steps made it possible to move up and down.
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Virginia Ann and Cal at the headwater for Tipon Archaeological Site.
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Just behind the fountain is a small reservoir - fed from an aqueduct from the Pukara river.

The water then branches into two canals to feed the terraces.
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The view from the buildings.
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Finding the temple site, the Spanish demolished the temple and carved a cross on top of a heart into the rocks.
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The view across Tipon from the top of the terraces.
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Cal composing a shot in Tipon.
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One of the many water features - notable is the carved hole for the water - no pipes used.
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The final waterfall when the water leaves the Tipon complex.
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We then headed to a hacienda very close to Tipon Archaeological Site, the stream flowing downhill from Tipon flowed through the hacienda grounds.

We were part of an authentic shaman ceremony. Before us was a cloth with several objects.
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There were two men in the ceremony - a musician and a shaman. The ceremony began with the musician playing several types of instruments.

He is playing a small flute like instrument.
Music to start the ceremony.
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The shaman holds two objects representing a man and a woman and offers prayers to Mother Earth and bids for safe-keeping.
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The shaman placed objects, plants, seeds, and nuts in the center of the cloth.
The shaman explaining what he is doing.
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The shaman uses a medallion which has been passed down from generations.
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At the end of the ceremony there is much more praying and chanting.

The bundle of objects which was collected during the ceremony will be taken to the top of Pillku mountain which towers over Cusco. At the top he will burn the bundle and complete the ceremony.
Music closing out the ceremony.
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Musician, Cal, Virginia Ann, and shaman at the end of the ceremony.
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A cross used by the hacienda in their catholic worship.
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Cal, Virginia Ann, Leo (the cook for our lunch - delicious), and the shaman.
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While touring the Church of the Society of Jesus (we could take no pictures) we were allowed to climb to the second floor and look out over the main square.

From the second floor we had a good view of the Cathedral of Cusco. Between the years 1560 and 1664 the Cathedral was built.
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The main square from the second floor of the Church of the Society of Jesus.
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Stone carved cross.
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A door knocker high on the main doors to the Church of the Society of Jesus.
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The moon and statue on top of the Church of Triumph.
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The twelve-angled stone is composed of a formation of diorite (magma formed rock) rocks and is recognized by its fine finishing and twelve-angled border, an example of perfectionist Incan architecture.

The perfectly cut stone is part of a wall known as the Hatun Rumiyoc, which makes up the outside of the Archbishop's palace.
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The Church of Triumph which was the first church of Cusco.
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We ate dinner at Hanz Craft Beer restaurant - which was great. This is the view of the main plaza and lights of Cusco on the hills from our table.
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We did not have any of the craft beer - instead we stuck to our favorite beer - Cusquena!!!!!


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